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Chemical Sciences Paper II Continued

xi. Petroleum and Coal Geology  :  Origin, migration and entrapment of petroleum; properties of source and reservoir rocks; structural, stratigraphic and combinations traps.  Techniques of exploration, Petroliferous basins of India.  Origin of peat, lignite, bitumen and anthracite.  Classification, rank and grading of coal; coal petrography, coal measures of India.

xii. Precambrian Geology and Crustal Evolution  :  Evolution of the early crust, early Precambrian life, lithological, geochemical and stratigraphic characteristics of granite-greenstone and granulite belts.  Stratigraphy and geochronology of the Precambrian terrains of India.

xiii. Applied Geology  :
a) Photogeology and Remote Sensing  :  Elements of photogrammetry; elements of photo interpretation; electromagnetic spectrum, emission range, film and imagery; multispectral sensors; geological 

b) Engineering Geology  :  Mechanical properties of rocks; geological investigations for the construction of dams, bridges, highways and tunnels.

c) Mineral Exploration  :  Geological and geophysical methods of surfaces and subsurface exploration on different scales, sampling, assaying and evaluation of mineral deposits; geochemical and geobotanical surveys in exploration.

d) Hydrogeology  :  Ground water, Darcy’s law; hydrological characteristics of aquifers; hydrological cycle; precipitation, evapotranspiration and infiltration processes; hydrological classification of water-bearing formations; fresh and salt water relationship in coastal and inland areas; ground water exploration and management, water pollution; ground water regimes in India.

2. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY  :

i. Geomorphology  :  Landforms – their types and developments; weathering, transport and erosion, landforms in relation to rock type, structure and tectonics.  Soils – their development and types.  Geomorphic processes and their impact on various landforms and associated dynamics – slope, channel coastline, glacial and aeolian; evolution of major geomorphological features of the Indian subcontinent.  Geomorphometric analysis and modeling.

ii. Climatology  :  Fundamental principles of climatology ; Earth – sun relationship; earth’s radiation balance, latitudinal and seasonal variation of insolation, temperature humidity, wind and precipitation.  Indian climatology with special reference to seasonal distribution and variations of temperature, humidity, wind and precipitation; air masses notably monsoons, and jet streams, tropical cyclones, and cloud formation, classification of climates; Koppen’s and Thornthwaite’s scheme as applicable to India.  Climate zones of India.  Hydrological cycle and water balance.  Climate change; green house warming, stratospheric ozone deptetion, Palaeoclimatology.